What does the process of translation involve?

The process of translation is fundamentally about synthesizing proteins based on the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons on the mRNA strand, each of which corresponds to a specific amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together in the order dictated by the mRNA sequence, ultimately forming a polypeptide chain. This process transforms the nucleotide language of RNA into the amino acid language of proteins, which are essential for numerous biological functions. Thus, the correct answer highlights this critical step in gene expression where the information encoded in mRNA is decoded to produce proteins.