What happens to a protein when it denatures?

When a protein denatures, it undergoes a structural change that leads to the unfolding of its three-dimensional shape. The specific sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its unique structure, which in turn is critical for its biological function. Denaturation typically occurs due to conditions such as changes in temperature, pH, or the presence of certain chemicals, which disrupt the non-covalent interactions that stabilize the protein's shape.

As a result of denaturation, the protein loses its native conformation and, consequently, its functional properties. Many proteins cannot perform their biological roles when they are denatured, as their active sites may be altered or become inaccessible. Therefore, the correct answer highlights that denaturation results in the inability of the protein to function as intended. In a biological context, this is an important concept as it can have implications for enzyme activity, cellular processes, and overall organismal health.