What is the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem stability?

The relationship between species diversity and ecosystem stability is generally characterized by the idea that greater biodiversity contributes to increased stability within an ecosystem. Higher species diversity often leads to more complex interactions among various organisms, which can enhance ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, resilience to disturbances, and adaptability to changing environmental conditions.

When ecosystems harbor a wide variety of species, they are better equipped to withstand stresses such as disease outbreaks, climate change, or habitat destruction. This is because diverse ecosystems can maintain critical processes even if some species are lost. For example, if one species is affected by a disease, other species may fulfill similar roles, helping to sustain the ecosystem's functionality.

Conversely, ecosystems with low species diversity may be more vulnerable to disturbances, as the loss of a single species can have significant negative effects on overall ecosystem health and function. Therefore, a greater diversity of species is generally seen as a fundamental component of ecosystem resilience and stability. This understanding underpins the importance of biodiversity conservation efforts in maintaining healthy ecosystems.