What role do interferons play in the immune response?

Interferons play a crucial role in the immune response by signaling neighboring cells of infection. When a cell becomes infected with a virus, it produces interferons, which are a group of signaling proteins. These interferons bind to receptors on adjacent, uninfected cells, prompting them to enhance their antiviral defenses. This includes increasing the production of proteins that inhibit viral replication and activating pathways that help these cells resist future infections.

By alerting neighboring cells, interferons help to establish a rapid and coordinated defense against the spread of the virus. Additionally, they also play a role in modulating the overall immune response and enhancing the activity of immune cells such as natural killer cells and macrophages. This signaling function is integral to the body’s ability to respond effectively to viral infections and limit their spread.