What term describes the transfer of gene alleles between populations of the same species?

The term that describes the transfer of gene alleles between populations of the same species is gene flow. Gene flow occurs when individuals from one population migrate to another and breed, introducing new genetic material into the gene pool of the second population. This process can increase genetic diversity within a population, reduce differences between populations, and play a significant role in evolution by helping populations adapt to changing environments.

In contrast, gene drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies that occur in a population, particularly in small populations. Gene mutation is the alteration of the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, leading to new alleles. Gene pooling generally describes the total genetic diversity found within a population and isn't specifically about the transfer of alleles between populations. Thus, gene flow is the most accurate term for the described process.