Which medical pioneer promoted the idea of sterilization and sterile surgery?

Joseph Lister is celebrated for his groundbreaking work in promoting the idea of sterilization and sterile surgery. In the 19th century, he introduced the concept of using antiseptics during surgical procedures to prevent infections. Lister's research was influenced by the germ theory of disease, which emphasized that microorganisms are responsible for infections. He advocated for the use of carbolic acid (phenol) as a disinfectant to clean surgical instruments and the surgical site, significantly reducing the incidence of postoperative infections.

His work laid the foundation for modern surgical practices by emphasizing the importance of maintaining a sterile environment in the operating room. Lister’s principles of cleanliness and infection control transformed surgery from a perilous procedure into a much safer medical practice, leading to improved patient outcomes and survival rates following surgery. His contributions to microbiology and surgical techniques are considered fundamental to the evolution of modern medicine.