Which type of fertilization do reptiles typically undergo?

Reptiles typically undergo internal fertilization, which is a reproductive process where fertilization occurs within the female's body. This method offers several advantages, such as providing a more controlled environment for the developing embryo, improving the likelihood of successful fertilization, and safeguarding fertilized eggs from external predators and environmental challenges.

In internal fertilization, the male reptile transfers sperm directly into the female's reproductive tract during mating. This process is facilitated by specialized structures such as cloacas or, in some species, intromittent organs. The ability to utilize internal fertilization is beneficial for reptiles, particularly since many species inhabit terrestrial environments where external fertilization would be less effective.

This reproductive strategy contributes to the diversity seen among reptiles, with many laying eggs (oviparous) and some giving birth to live young (viviparous), which further demonstrates the adaptability of reptiles in various ecological niches.