In which part of the nephron is glucose primarily reabsorbed?

Glucose is primarily reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron. This section is located right after the glomerulus and is characterized by its highly folded structure, which increases the surface area for reabsorption. The cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule have many microvilli and are equipped with specific transporters, such as sodium-glucose co-transporters, that facilitate the active reabsorption of glucose from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.

This process is crucial for maintaining glucose homeostasis within the body, as it prevents the loss of glucose through urine. Under normal circumstances, nearly all of the glucose filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed here, along with a significant amount of water, amino acids, and ions. This is also why conditions that affect this part of the nephron, like diabetes, can lead to glucose being present in the urine.

Other parts of the nephron, such as the glomerulus, Loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule, play different roles in filtration and reabsorption of water and electrolytes but are not primarily involved in the reabsorption of glucose.