What does Neurofibromatosis type 1 cause?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is primarily characterized by the growth of noncancerous tumors known as neurofibromas. These tumors arise from nerve tissues and are typically harmless, although they can cause other complications depending on their location. The presence of multiple neurofibromas is one of the hallmark features of NF1, along with other symptoms such as café-au-lait spots on the skin and freckling in the armpit or groin area.

While individuals with NF1 may experience complications related to the growth of these tumors, including pain or neurological issues if the tumors compress surrounding tissues, the tumors themselves are not malignant. This distinction is essential, as it signifies that NF1 is primarily associated with benign tumor growth rather than the development of malignant tumors. Understanding this aspect of the condition helps to clarify the nature of the tumors associated with NF1 and their implications for individuals affected by the disorder.