Which model is associated with an increase in the quantity of free energy?

The transition-state model is associated with an increase in the quantity of free energy because it describes the state during a chemical reaction where reactants are transformed into products. In this model, the transition state represents a high-energy state that is reached during the reaction process. Essentially, this high-energy intermediate decreases the activation energy for the reaction to proceed, allowing the system to move from reactants to products.

As reactants are converted to products, free energy changes occur, which reflect the energy stored in the molecular bonds of the chemicals involved. The transition-state model highlights the importance of the energy barrier that must be overcome for a reaction to occur. Thus, the model is crucial for understanding how the energy profile of a reaction can lead to an overall change in free energy as reactants transition through various states.

The concept of equilibrium does not apply here as it refers to a state where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, and there is no net change in free energy. Similarly, the dynamic equilibrium model emphasizes stability rather than free energy changes, and a closed system model does not specifically account for the free energy associated with reaction dynamics.